“Too often we enjoy the comfort of opinion without the discomfort of thought." ─ John F. Kennedy
最近老看見某網絡商的電視廣告,那服務個人認為不切實際,7月才搞好,現在賣廣告催谷,除了證明公司銀彈充裕以外就沒有別的了。相反,那邊廂同樣是7月推出,《哈利波特》第七集小說網上預售賣個滿堂紅,我認為這就是好產品跟壞產品的分別。
據說,第七集是大結局,不少哈迷得悉出版日期後又驚又喜,這是因為結局期待太久了,最早一集是97年出版。另一方面,哈迷又怕哈利像鄧不利多在第六集般掛掉。無論如何,在Amazon接收預訂的第一天,反應經已超過第六集5倍有多,需知道,前年第六集預售也賣了150萬本。
思哲懶,之前好幾集都沒有看完,最有興趣的也不是佛地魔跟哈利會否一起掛掉,最想知道當初究竟是誰,讓寂寂無聞的小哈利忽然紅了起來,然後又以幾何級數往上飆升,全球賣過3億冊,替J.K.Rowling打入了富豪榜,使她可以從愛丁堡的小咖啡店,移師到蘇格蘭Balmoral的五星級酒店寫完第七集《Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows》。
事實上,除了哈利波特,我們有許多品牌、產品、現象都是一下子爆炸性普及起來。這些品牌或產品絕對不能單憑質素便取得成功,中間是怎樣擴散開去,成為了不少人的研究課題。其中一個應用較多的理論是「two-step flow of communication」,這個由兩位美國社會學者所提出的理論,大意是說,社會主流行為由一小撮活躍分子主宰。至於Two-step的意思,指資訊首先出現在媒體,傳到那一小撮人,再影響了社會上其他人。
Amazon的社群力量
以上理論要是成立,那麼以後做marketing豈不容易?把那一小撮Opinion Leader揪出不就行了?說服了他們,省掉往後的工夫,真的這麼簡單嗎?當然不,廣告的效用還是有的,只不過隨互聯網普及,人與人聯繫的成本降低,結果造就了一批又一批的社群網絡,這是為甚麼開始有廣告公司把網上宣傳跟傳統package扣在一起來做。
回到哈利波特,有人說它忽然受歡迎是因為獲獎,思哲不知道多少人是因為獎項而跑去買書,但有幾多位文學獎得主的書能是暢銷書?思哲寧願相信那是因為Amazon的社群力量間接幫了忙。一小撮書迷買了書,透過Amazon簡單易用的平台,或寫書評,或給個分數,久而久之凝聚成集體智慧,影響了主流書迷。
星星之火,足以燎原,重點不是最初的火光從哪開始,而是森林本身容易被點燃起來,marketers與其在人海中找尋Opinion Leader,相信two-step理論的marketers,還不如研究一下如何利用社群網絡的威力吧。
2007年2月7日刊於《蘋果日報》
This reminds me of the book “The Tipping Point".
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